What is Cholesterol Levels?
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all cells of the body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. There are two main types:
- LDL cholesterol - the "bad" cholesterol that can build up in your arteries
- HDL cholesterol - the "good" cholesterol that helps remove LDL cholesterol from your arteries
When you get your cholesterol tested, your doctor will look at your levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (another type of fat in your blood):
- Total cholesterol - normal is less than 200 mg/dL
- LDL cholesterol - optimal is less than 100 mg/dL; high is 160 mg/dL and above
- HDL cholesterol - low is less than 40 mg/dL (men) or 50 mg/dL (women)
- Triglycerides - normal is less than 150 mg/dL
Why do Cholesterol Levels Matter?
Having high cholesterol, especially LDL, increases your risk for heart disease and stroke because it can slowly build up in your arteries. This buildup is called plaque and it narrows your arteries, making it harder for blood to flow.
Over time, plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form. If the clot blocks blood flow to part of your heart, it causes a heart attack. If it blocks blood to part of your brain, it causes a stroke.
How to Improve Cholesterol Levels
Here are some ways to help lower high LDL or raise low HDL cholesterol:
- Lose extra weight
- Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats
- Limit foods high in saturated fat like red meat, dairy, and fried foods
- Get more physical activity
- Take medication if lifestyle changes aren't enough
Keeping your cholesterol at healthy levels reduces your chances of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke down the road. Getting your cholesterol checked and knowing your numbers is an important way to take control of your heart health!